So You Want To Use Nitrous Oxide Without Blowing Up Your Engine

There are two types of nitrous systems: wet and dry. Dry systems are great if you’re adding a very small amount of power or if you don’t really care if your pistons melt. Nitrous oxide is an oxidizer, and you need to add fuel with the added oxygen to get power. The mixture of fuel and oxygen needs to be pretty close to ideal so that the mixture can ignite at the right time and the right temperature. Dry nitrous systems do not add that fuel and expect the engine to do it automatically. A dry nitrous setup is you saying “I’m just gonna make my engine go WAYYY lean and let the ECU figure out what to do with that.” Yes, modern engines will compensate up to a point, but that point depends on the altitude, air temperature, O2 sensor quality, a ton of other things, varies from car to car, and won’t actually compensate very much. 

 

There are some dry systems that can add more nitrous to the mix. They work by having the fuel injectors add more fuel, either through programming additional fuel in the map when the system is on or adding additional injectors controlled by some sort of magic box. Another way to provide some enriching fuel is by doing something like raising the fuel pressure while the nitrous is on. These dry systems can tolerate a little more nitrous.

 

 

Wet systems add extra fuel with the oxygen in the appropriate ratio (assuming you set up the jets correctly). This is the same as you saying “Here you go engine; here’s 50 extra horsepower in a neat little package.”

The kit (or the internet) should tell you what combination of jets to use for the desired power, but you should use a wideband oxygen sensor to verify that the jets are giving you the air/fuel ratio you are looking for. Generally, you want to have the same ratio with nitrous oxide as you have without.

If you are running a fuel injection system, it may automatically fix your slightly incorrect jet pairing. It will also add more fuel to compensate for the colder air; part of the power increase from nitrous oxide comes from the colder, denser air you get when nitrous oxide changes from a liquid to a gas. This phenomenon was the inspiration for the hit 70's funk band “Latent Heat, And The Vaporizations.”

Okay, that last sentence is not true.

 

Nitrous controller

The next key to not exploding your shit is a nitrous controller. A controller will look at your RPMs, your throttle position, and hopefully your fuel pressure, and will only activate the nitrous oxide when these parameters line up in the don’t-explode-the-engine column. They also do other things, depending on how much money you spend, like measure nitrous pressure, boost, and vehicle speed, and progressively add nitrous oxide instead of just dumping max horsepower at once. (If you’re thinking about using a multi-stage system, you might be better off getting a fancy controller that will pulse width modulate the solenoids and give you a much better ramp in; the controllers these days are pretty great.) You may not need some of these features, but you definitely need something that will keep the solenoids from opening when you’re at low RPMs, are not at full throttle, or don’t have fuel pressure.

 

It is important to measure fuel pressure because you’ll go super lean if you keep spraying nitrous oxide when fuel flow decreases. This could happen if you’re low on fuel and it sloshes away from the pickup, or if you tied your wet system into your existing fuel pump and you’ve just reached the flow limit of that system.